The legendary Swiss-American photographer Robert Frank died this week. Best known for his 1959 black-and-white collection The Americans, Frank documented the jarring gap between progress and poverty in postwar U.S. society, substituting looks at actual life for the aspirational iconography of Leave It to Beaver. “I think people like the book because it shows what people think about but don’t discuss,” he once said. “It shows what’s on the edge of their mind.”

This week’s reading list bears him out, reminding us that the photograph has always been a contested medium—operating at the edges of the present and the possible, the marginal and the mainstream. It has also been a permanent fixture in the pages of Boston Review—not just as a work of art but as a mode of journalism, a form of knowledge, and an instrument of political power.

Susan Sontag, writing in our very first issue in 1975, reflects on photography as an “imperious way of seeing,” while Daniel Penny, writing in 2017, confronts the commodity aestheticism he finds resurgent in the age of Instagram. In between, critics offer readings of the work of Rosamond Purcell, Robert Capa, and Larry Sultan, and many explore what it means to look at images of violence—from the Chinese Cultural Revolution and the horrors of the Holocaust to the ongoing crisis in Kashmir and contemporary police brutality.

Through it all, we are invited to ask, as Susie Linfield puts it in her searching analysis of photojournalism, “Do we approach the photograph as spectators, or as citizens of the world?”

—Matt Lord